Ethics

Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-violent resistance is known as?

A Satyagraha
B Ahimsa, alone (a related but distinct term)
C Swaraj
D Sarvodaya —

"Satyagraha" is often translated as?

A "Truth-force" or "holding firmly to truth"
B "Blind obedience"
C "Violent resistance"
D "Political apathy" —

Gandhi's concept of "Ahimsa" extends beyond mere physical non-violence to also include?

A Non-violence in thought, word, and deed towards all living beings
B Only physical non-violence
C Passive acceptance of injustice
D Aggressive confrontation —

Gandhi's concept of "Sarvodaya" refers to?

A The welfare and upliftment of all, especially the least advantaged in society
B Welfare of only the elite
C Welfare of only one religious group
D Individual gain without regard for society —

Gandhi's idea of "Swaraj" primarily refers to?

A Self-rule, encompassing both political independence and inner self-discipline/self-governance
B Only economic wealth
C Only military strength
D Only foreign alliances —

The concept of "Trusteeship," advocated by Gandhi, envisions wealthy individuals as?

A Trustees of their wealth, using it for the welfare of society rather than personal indulgence
B Owners with absolute rights and no social duty
C Individuals who should give up all possessions immediately
D Irrelevant to economic ethics —

Gandhi's emphasis on "Swadeshi" primarily promoted?

A Self-reliance and the use of indigenous goods and resources
B Dependence on foreign goods
C Rejection of all economic activity
D Exclusive reliance on imports —

Gandhi's concept of "Antyodaya" refers to?

A The upliftment of the poorest and most marginalized sections of society first
B Prioritizing the wealthy first
C Ignoring the marginalized
D Equal neglect of all groups —

Which of Gandhi's key ethical principles emphasizes that the means used to achieve a goal must be as pure/ethical as the goal itself?

A "Means and ends are inseparable" (purity of means)
B "Ends justify any means"
C Means are irrelevant to ethics
D Only outcomes matter, regardless of method —

Gandhi's practice of fasting was primarily used as a tool for?

A Self-purification and non-violent moral/political protest
B Personal health improvement only
C Political intimidation through violence
D Avoiding responsibility —

Gandhi's concept of "Bread Labor" (Sharirik Shram) emphasized the ethical importance of?

A Manual/physical labor as a dignified and necessary part of life for all individuals
B Avoiding all physical work
C Only intellectual work as valuable
D Exploiting others' labor —

Gandhi believed strongly in the unity of religions, often summarized by the phrase?

A "Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava" (equal respect for all religions)
B Superiority of a single religion
C Rejection of religion altogether
D Forced conversion —

Gandhi's idea of "Constructive Programme" referred to his efforts to promote?

A Social reforms like eradication of untouchability, communal harmony, and rural development, alongside political freedom
B Only violent revolution
C Only foreign policy
D Only military strategy —

Gandhi opposed the practice of untouchability and referred to those affected by it using which term, reflecting his call for their dignified treatment?

A "Harijans" (children of God)
B A derogatory term
C No specific term
D He ignored the issue —

Gandhi's concept of non-violent civil disobedience was significantly influenced by which Western thinker's essay on the same subject?

A Henry David Thoreau
B Immanuel Kant
C Aristotle
D Plato —

Gandhi's ethical stance on "ends and means" is often summarized by an analogy comparing the relationship to that of a?

A Seed and a tree (impure means cannot yield a truly good end)
B Completely unrelated pair of concepts
C Master and servant
D Random chance occurrence —

Which of Gandhi's principles emphasizes that individuals should first change themselves before seeking to change society, encapsulated by "Be the change you wish to see"?

A Self-transformation as a precursor to social transformation
B Changing others without self-reflection
C Ignoring the need for personal change
D Focusing solely on external factors —

Gandhi's approach to conflict resolution emphasized engaging opponents with?

A Respect, dialogue, and an appeal to their conscience, rather than hatred
B Hatred and hostility
C Complete avoidance of engagement
D Violent confrontation —

Gandhi's vision of "Gram Swaraj" (village self-rule) emphasized?

A Decentralized, self-sufficient village communities with local self-governance
B Centralized control from the capital
C Complete dependence on urban centers
D Abolition of villages —

Gandhi believed that true civilization is measured by?

A Its moral progress and ethical conduct, not merely material or technological advancement
B Only its military power
C Only its industrial output
D Only its wealth accumulation —

Gandhi's concept of "Sadbhavana" refers to?

A Goodwill and harmony among different communities and individuals
B Hostility towards others
C Indifference to others
D Suspicion of other communities —

Gandhi's emphasis on simplicity and minimal material possessions is closely related to the concept of?

A Aparigraha (non-possessiveness), also emphasized in Jain philosophy
B Excessive material accumulation
C Consumerism
D Hoarding wealth —

Gandhi's philosophy of "Sarvodaya" inspired later social reform movements in India, notably the land-gift movement led by?

A Vinoba Bhave (Bhoodan movement)
B Jawaharlal Nehru, alone
C Sardar Patel, alone
D B.R. Ambedkar, alone —

Gandhi believed that ethical means of protest, such as non-cooperation and civil disobedience, were superior to violent revolution because they?

A Preserve moral integrity and can transform opponents rather than merely defeat them
B Are always faster in achieving political goals
C Require no discipline or sacrifice
D Guarantee immediate success —

Gandhi's overall ethical philosophy can be summarized as an integration of?

A Truth (Satya), non-violence (Ahimsa), and selfless service (Seva), rooted in both Indian and universal moral traditions
B Only Western utilitarian principles
C Only political pragmatism
D Only religious ritual —