Ethics

The Buddha's core ethical teaching, outlining the path to end suffering, is known as the?

A Four Noble Truths
B Ten Commandments
C Categorical Imperative
D Social Contract —

According to Buddhism, the root cause of suffering (dukkha) is generally identified as?

A Craving/desire and attachment (tanha)
B Excessive happiness
C Lack of material wealth
D Physical illness alone —

The Buddhist path to overcome suffering and attain liberation is outlined in the?

A Noble Eightfold Path
B Ten Precepts alone
C Four Pillars of Wisdom
D Seven Deadly Sins —

The Noble Eightfold Path includes elements such as right speech, right action, and right?

A Livelihood, mindfulness, and concentration, among others
B Only wealth accumulation
C Only political power
D Only physical strength —

The Buddhist concept of "Ahimsa" (non-violence), shared with other Indian traditions, is one of the core ethical?

A Precepts guiding a Buddhist's conduct
B Irrelevant concepts in Buddhism
C Concepts unique only to Jainism
D Exclusively political ideas —

The Buddhist "Five Precepts" for lay practitioners generally include abstaining from killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, false speech, and?

A Intoxicants that cloud the mind
B Charity
C Meditation
D Reading scriptures —

The concept of "Karuna" (compassion) in Buddhist ethics refers to?

A A deep empathetic concern for the suffering of all beings, coupled with a wish to help alleviate it
B Indifference to suffering
C Cruelty
D Selfishness —

The Buddhist concept of "Metta" refers to?

A Loving-kindness, a benevolent goodwill extended to all beings
B Hatred
C Jealousy
D Greed —

The Buddhist principle of the "Middle Way" advocates for?

A Avoiding extremes of both self-indulgence and severe self-mortification/asceticism
B Extreme luxury only
C Extreme asceticism only
D Complete indifference to conduct —

Which Buddhist concept describes the impermanent, ever-changing nature of all phenomena, reinforcing the need to avoid excessive attachment?

A Anicca (impermanence)
B Permanent selfhood
C Eternal material wealth
D Fixed unchanging reality —

Jainism's foremost ethical principle, shared prominently with Indian traditions, is?

A Ahimsa (non-violence) in its most rigorous and comprehensive form, extending to all living beings
B Violence as a virtue
C Indifference to living beings
D Aggression towards others —

Jainism prescribes "Three Jewels" (Ratnatraya) for spiritual liberation, which include right faith, right knowledge, and right?

A Conduct
B Wealth
C Power
D Speech, alone —

The Jain principle of "Anekantavada" refers to?

A The doctrine of manifold viewpoints, recognizing that truth/reality can be understood from multiple perspectives
B A single absolute perspective with no room for other views
C Rejection of all viewpoints
D Only a political theory —

The Jain concept of "Aparigraha" refers to?

A Non-attachment/non-possessiveness towards material things
B Excessive accumulation of wealth
C Greed
D Hoarding of resources —

Jain monks and nuns often practice extreme forms of ascetic discipline, including fasting, as part of their commitment to?

A Self-purification and minimizing harm to all living beings
B Seeking worldly pleasure
C Political power
D Material wealth —

Jainism's emphasis on Ahimsa historically influenced practices such as strict vegetarianism and even care to avoid harming?

A Even the smallest living organisms, such as insects
B Only large animals
C Only humans
D No living beings at all, since it's symbolic only —

The Jain concept of "Syadvada" (conditional predication), related to Anekantavada, emphasizes that?

A Statements about reality should be understood as conditional/relative to a particular perspective ("in some respect")
B All statements are absolutely and unconditionally true
C No statements can ever be true
D Only religious statements matter —

In Buddhism, the concept of "Sangha" refers to?

A The community of Buddhist practitioners/monks who support each other on the spiritual path
B A form of punishment
C A type of meditation only
D A political institution —

The Buddhist concept of "Dukkha," often translated as "suffering," more broadly refers to?

A Unsatisfactoriness or the inherent stress/dissatisfaction present in conditioned existence
B Only physical pain
C Only financial hardship
D Only political oppression —

Jain philosophy's ethical framework places strong emphasis on the doctrine of Karma, viewing it as a?

A Subtle form of matter that binds to the soul based on one's actions, influencing future rebirths
B Irrelevant concept in Jainism
C Purely symbolic idea with no real consequence
D Concept unique only to Buddhism —

Buddhist ethics generally emphasizes that intentions (cetana) behind an action are?

A Central to determining its moral quality/karmic consequence
B Completely irrelevant to morality
C Only relevant in extreme cases
D Never considered —

Both Buddhism and Jainism emerged in ancient India partly as reform movements challenging which aspect of contemporary Vedic religious practice?

A Excessive ritualism and animal sacrifice, along with rigid caste-based practices
B Non-violence, which they rejected
C Compassion, which they opposed
D They had no relation to earlier Vedic practices —

The Buddhist concept of "Right Livelihood" within the Noble Eightfold Path emphasizes earning one's living through?

A Ethical means that do not cause harm to others
B Any means necessary, regardless of harm
C Exploitation of others
D Illegal activities —

Jain ethics places significant emphasis on "Tapas" (austerity/penance) as a means to?

A Purify the soul and reduce the accumulation of karma
B Accumulate wealth
C Gain political power
D Achieve fame —

Both Buddhist and Jain ethical traditions ultimately aim to guide practitioners toward?

A Liberation from suffering/the cycle of rebirth through ethical conduct, wisdom, and self-discipline
B Material prosperity alone
C Political dominance
D Social status alone —