For Troposphere, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: A
Its water vapour and vertical mixing support clouds and storms.
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Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Stratosphere — the defining feature: Temperature generally rises with height. II. Rain shadow — the defining feature: Unusual warming in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific.
Correct answer: C
I is correct: Stratosphere → Temperature generally rises with height. Ozone absorption of ultraviolet radiation causes warming. II is incorrect: Rain shadow → Dry leeward zone of a mountain barrier. Descending air warms and its relative humidity falls.
For Convectional rainfall, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: A
Warm moist air rises, cools and condenses.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Relative humidity — the defining feature: Vapour content relative to saturation at the same temperature. II. Land breeze — the defining feature: Temperature increases upward within a layer.
Correct answer: C
I is correct: Relative humidity → Vapour content relative to saturation at the same temperature. It can rise when air cools without adding water vapour. II is incorrect: Land breeze → Night-time surface flow from land to sea. Land cools faster and can develop higher surface pressure.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Stratosphere — the defining feature: Many meteors burn up here. II. Relative humidity — the defining feature: Surface heating causes rising air.
Correct answer: D
I is incorrect: Stratosphere → Temperature generally rises with height. Ozone absorption of ultraviolet radiation causes warming. II is incorrect: Relative humidity → Vapour content relative to saturation at the same temperature. It can rise when air cools without adding water vapour.
For Sea breeze, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: C
Land normally heats faster than the sea during the day.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Rain shadow — the defining feature: Dry leeward zone of a mountain barrier. II. Convectional rainfall — the defining feature: Night-time surface flow from land to sea.
Correct answer: A
I is correct: Rain shadow → Dry leeward zone of a mountain barrier. Descending air warms and its relative humidity falls. II is incorrect: Convectional rainfall → Surface heating causes rising air. Warm moist air rises, cools and condenses.
For Isotherm, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: D
It connects places with the same temperature value.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Isotherm — the defining feature: Vapour content relative to saturation at the same temperature. II. Troposphere — the defining feature: Line joining equal atmospheric pressure.
Correct answer: B
I is incorrect: Isotherm → Line joining equal temperature. It connects places with the same temperature value. II is incorrect: Troposphere → Most everyday weather occurs here. Its water vapour and vertical mixing support clouds and storms.
For Temperature inversion, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: A
It can suppress vertical mixing and trap pollutants.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Troposphere — the defining feature: Most everyday weather occurs here. II. Relative humidity — the defining feature: Surface heating causes rising air.
Correct answer: C
I is correct: Troposphere → Most everyday weather occurs here. Its water vapour and vertical mixing support clouds and storms. II is incorrect: Relative humidity → Vapour content relative to saturation at the same temperature. It can rise when air cools without adding water vapour.
For Land breeze, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: D
Land cools faster and can develop higher surface pressure.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Stratosphere — the defining feature: Many meteors burn up here. II. La Nina — the defining feature: Temperature generally rises with height.
Correct answer: A
I is incorrect: Stratosphere → Temperature generally rises with height. Ozone absorption of ultraviolet radiation causes warming. II is incorrect: La Nina → Unusual cooling in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. It is the cool phase of ENSO.
For Relative humidity, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: B
It can rise when air cools without adding water vapour.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Convectional rainfall — the defining feature: Surface heating causes rising air. II. Isobar — the defining feature: Temperature at which air becomes saturated.
Correct answer: A
I is correct: Convectional rainfall → Surface heating causes rising air. Warm moist air rises, cools and condenses. II is incorrect: Isobar → Line joining equal atmospheric pressure. Weather maps use isobars to show pressure patterns.
For Mesosphere, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: D
Frictional heating ablates small meteoroids.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Sea breeze — the defining feature: Night-time surface flow from land to sea. II. Temperature inversion — the defining feature: Many meteors burn up here.
Correct answer: C
I is incorrect: Sea breeze → Daytime surface flow from sea to land. Land normally heats faster than the sea during the day. II is incorrect: Temperature inversion → Temperature increases upward within a layer. It can suppress vertical mixing and trap pollutants.
For El Nino, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: A
It can alter global atmospheric circulation.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Orographic rainfall — the defining feature: Moist air rises over a barrier. II. Isotherm — the defining feature: Moist air rises over a barrier.
Correct answer: C
I is correct: Orographic rainfall → Moist air rises over a barrier. Uplift cools the air and can produce rain on the windward slope. II is incorrect: Isotherm → Line joining equal temperature. It connects places with the same temperature value.
For La Nina, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: D
It is the cool phase of ENSO.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Mesosphere — the defining feature: Many meteors burn up here. II. Isobar — the defining feature: Temperature at which air becomes saturated.
Correct answer: B
I is correct: Mesosphere → Many meteors burn up here. Frictional heating ablates small meteoroids. II is incorrect: Isobar → Line joining equal atmospheric pressure. Weather maps use isobars to show pressure patterns.
For Stratosphere, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: A
Ozone absorption of ultraviolet radiation causes warming.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Troposphere — the defining feature: Temperature generally rises with height. II. Convectional rainfall — the defining feature: Night-time surface flow from land to sea.
Correct answer: D
I is incorrect: Troposphere → Most everyday weather occurs here. Its water vapour and vertical mixing support clouds and storms. II is incorrect: Convectional rainfall → Surface heating causes rising air. Warm moist air rises, cools and condenses.
For Isobar, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: C
Weather maps use isobars to show pressure patterns.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Dew point — the defining feature: Temperature at which air becomes saturated. II. Temperature inversion — the defining feature: Many meteors burn up here.
Correct answer: D
I is correct: Dew point → Temperature at which air becomes saturated. Cooling air to this level permits condensation. II is incorrect: Temperature inversion → Temperature increases upward within a layer. It can suppress vertical mixing and trap pollutants.