For Mesosphere, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: D
Frictional heating ablates small meteoroids.
Geography
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Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Sea breeze — the defining feature: Night-time surface flow from land to sea. II. Temperature inversion — the defining feature: Many meteors burn up here.
Correct answer: C
I is incorrect: Sea breeze → Daytime surface flow from sea to land. Land normally heats faster than the sea during the day. II is incorrect: Temperature inversion → Temperature increases upward within a layer. It can suppress vertical mixing and trap pollutants.
For El Nino, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: A
It can alter global atmospheric circulation.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Orographic rainfall — the defining feature: Moist air rises over a barrier. II. Isotherm — the defining feature: Moist air rises over a barrier.
Correct answer: C
I is correct: Orographic rainfall → Moist air rises over a barrier. Uplift cools the air and can produce rain on the windward slope. II is incorrect: Isotherm → Line joining equal temperature. It connects places with the same temperature value.
For La Nina, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: D
It is the cool phase of ENSO.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Mesosphere — the defining feature: Many meteors burn up here. II. Isobar — the defining feature: Temperature at which air becomes saturated.
Correct answer: B
I is correct: Mesosphere → Many meteors burn up here. Frictional heating ablates small meteoroids. II is incorrect: Isobar → Line joining equal atmospheric pressure. Weather maps use isobars to show pressure patterns.
For Stratosphere, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: A
Ozone absorption of ultraviolet radiation causes warming.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Troposphere — the defining feature: Temperature generally rises with height. II. Convectional rainfall — the defining feature: Night-time surface flow from land to sea.
Correct answer: D
I is incorrect: Troposphere → Most everyday weather occurs here. Its water vapour and vertical mixing support clouds and storms. II is incorrect: Convectional rainfall → Surface heating causes rising air. Warm moist air rises, cools and condenses.
For Isobar, identify the defining feature.
Correct answer: C
Weather maps use isobars to show pressure patterns.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Dew point — the defining feature: Temperature at which air becomes saturated. II. Temperature inversion — the defining feature: Many meteors burn up here.
Correct answer: D
I is correct: Dew point → Temperature at which air becomes saturated. Cooling air to this level permits condensation. II is incorrect: Temperature inversion → Temperature increases upward within a layer. It can suppress vertical mixing and trap pollutants.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Sea breeze — the defining feature: Night-time surface flow from land to sea. II. La Nina — the defining feature: Temperature generally rises with height.
Correct answer: C
I is incorrect: Sea breeze → Daytime surface flow from sea to land. Land normally heats faster than the sea during the day. II is incorrect: La Nina → Unusual cooling in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific. It is the cool phase of ENSO.
Which state is associated with the tea-growing Brahmaputra Valley?
Correct answer: C
The valley's climate supports extensive tea cultivation.
Which river is often called the Dakshin Ganga?
Correct answer: D
The Godavari is the largest river system of peninsular India by basin area.
Which coast receives substantial rainfall from the retreating northeast monsoon?
Correct answer: C
Tamil Nadu receives important seasonal rainfall from these winds.
Which longitude is used for Indian Standard Time?
Correct answer: B
IST is five and a half hours ahead of UTC.
Which mountain range is geologically young and formed by continental collision?
Correct answer: A
The Indian and Eurasian plates collided to build the Himalayas.
Which soil is especially associated with cotton cultivation in the Deccan?
Correct answer: B
Its clay content helps it retain moisture.
Which river flows west through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges?
Correct answer: C
The Narmada drains into the Arabian Sea.
Which plateau is rich in coal and mineral resources in eastern India?
Correct answer: D
The region contains major mineral-bearing formations.
Which Indian desert lies mainly in western Rajasthan?
Correct answer: A
The Thar has an arid climate and extensive sand dunes.
Which river forms the main channel of the Sundarbans delta together with the Brahmaputra?
Correct answer: C
The Ganga-Brahmaputra system creates an extensive delta.
Which freshwater lake is located in Kashmir and associated with the Jhelum system?
Correct answer: B
Wular is a major freshwater lake in the Kashmir Valley.
Which crop is typically sown with the southwest monsoon and harvested in autumn?
Correct answer: A
Kharif cropping generally follows the summer monsoon.
Which mountain chain runs along India's western peninsular margin?
Correct answer: B
The range forms an important barrier to moist monsoon winds.
Which Indian island group is mainly of coral origin?
Correct answer: C
The islands are coral atolls in the Arabian Sea.