Science & Technology

Biotechnology involves the use of living organisms or their products to?

A Develop products/processes useful to humans
B Only study fossils
C Only classify species
D Only measure ecosystems —

The technique used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA segment is called?

A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
B Gel electrophoresis (used to separate DNA fragments, not amplify)
C Cloning (a distinct process)
D Sequencing —

The technique used to separate DNA/protein fragments by size, using an electric field, is called?

A PCR
B Gel electrophoresis
C Cloning
D Genome sequencing —

A genetically modified organism (GMO) has had its genetic material altered using?

A Genetic engineering techniques
B Only selective breeding
C Only natural mutation
D Only cross-pollination —

Bt cotton, a genetically modified crop grown in India, is engineered to resist?

A Drought
B Certain insect pests, using a gene from *Bacillus thuringiensis*
C Frost
D Salinity —

Dolly the sheep, born in 1996, was significant as the first mammal to be?

A Genetically modified
B Successfully cloned from an adult somatic cell
C Given a vaccine
D Studied for genetics —

Stem cells are unique in their ability to?

A Differentiate into various specialized cell types
B Only replicate DNA
C Only produce hormones
D Only fight infections —

Which technology allows scientists to precisely edit specific DNA sequences, revolutionizing genetic engineering?

A CRISPR-Cas9
B PCR, alone
C Gel electrophoresis, alone
D Cloning, alone —

The Human Genome Project, completed in the early 2000s, aimed to?

A Map and sequence the entire human genome
B Clone humans
C Develop vaccines
D Study only diseases —

Genetic engineering has been used in agriculture to develop crops with improved?

A Pest resistance, yield, and nutritional content
B Only color
C Only taste
D Only size —

"Golden Rice" is a genetically modified crop engineered to be rich in?

A Vitamin A (beta-carotene)
B Vitamin C
C Iron
D Protein —

Recombinant DNA technology involves combining DNA from?

A Different sources/organisms
B Only a single organism
C Only bacteria
D Only viruses —

Insulin for diabetic patients is now commonly produced using which biotechnology method?

A Recombinant DNA technology, using genetically engineered bacteria
B Extraction from animal pancreas, alone (older method)
C Chemical synthesis, alone
D Plant extraction —

Which biological structures are commonly used as "vectors" to introduce foreign DNA into a host cell in genetic engineering?

A Plasmids (in bacteria) and certain viruses
B Only yeast
C Only humans
D Only insects —

Some vaccines developed using genetic engineering (e.g., certain COVID-19 vaccines) may use technology based on?

A mRNA or viral vector platforms
B Only traditional live attenuated viruses
C Only bacteria
D Only chemical compounds —

Tissue culture is a technique used to grow?

A Cells, tissues, or organs in a controlled laboratory environment
B Only whole organisms in soil
C Only bacteria in liquid
D Only viruses —

Genetically modified crops in India are primarily regulated by the?

A Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC)
B ISRO
C DRDO
D UPSC —

Indian contributions to plant biotechnology and genetically modified crops have largely come through?

A Homi Bhabha's work
B Various agricultural biotechnologists, often under bodies like ICAR
C Vikram Sarabhai's work
D APJ Abdul Kalam's work —

DNA fingerprinting, used in forensic science, relies on the fact that?

A Each individual's DNA sequence has unique patterns, except in identical twins
B All humans have identical DNA
C DNA cannot be extracted from cells
D Only blood contains DNA —

Which Indian scientist is credited as a pioneer of DNA fingerprinting technology in India?

A Lalji Singh
B Homi Bhabha
C Vikram Sarabhai
D C.V. Raman —

Gene therapy is an experimental technique that aims to treat diseases by?

A Introducing, altering, or removing genetic material within a patient's cells
B Only surgery
C Only medication
D Only physical therapy —

Biotechnology contributes to producing biofuels primarily from?

A Biomass, algae, or microbial fermentation
B Only fossil fuels
C Only nuclear reactions
D Only solar panels —

Bioinformatics is a field that combines biology with which discipline?

A Computer science and information technology
B Only chemistry
C Only physics
D Only geology —

Antibiotics like penicillin are naturally produced by certain?

A Fungi/microorganisms
B Only plants
C Only animals
D Only minerals —

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed, are believed to primarily benefit the?

A Digestive/gut system
B Nervous system
C Skeletal system
D Respiratory system —