Polity

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Delegated legislation → Rules made under authority granted by a legislature. The delegated authority must remain within the parent law. II is incorrect: Reserved constituency → Specified eligibility for candidates, with all eligible local electors voting. It does not create a separate electorate by caste.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Cooperative federalism → Union and states work together on shared issues. It emphasises coordination rather than eliminating constitutional divisions. II is correct: Universal adult franchise → Voting entitlement for adults subject to legal qualifications. Voting is not conditioned on wealth or educational degree.

Correct answer: D

An absolute majority of all votes is not always required.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Ordinance → Temporary law made by the executive under constitutional conditions. It must face the legislature within the prescribed framework. II is incorrect: Secular state → State does not establish a privileged state religion. Indian secularism protects religious freedom within constitutional limits.

Correct answer: D

The ministry remains responsible to the elected lower House.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Constitutional supremacy → Ordinary laws must conform to the Constitution. A conflicting law can be invalidated by a competent court. II is correct: Secret ballot → A voter's choice is protected from disclosure. Secrecy reduces coercion and retaliation.

Correct answer: B

Moving between states does not require a new citizenship.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Reserved constituency → Specified eligibility for candidates, with all eligible local electors voting. It does not create a separate electorate by caste. II is incorrect: Universal adult franchise → Voting entitlement for adults subject to legal qualifications. Voting is not conditioned on wealth or educational degree.

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Independent Election Commission → Institutional supervision of specified public elections. Its constitutional authority is under Article 324. II is correct: First-past-the-post election → Candidate with the most votes wins the seat. An absolute majority of all votes is not always required.

Correct answer: B

The delegated authority must remain within the parent law.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Rule of law → Government is subject to law. Public power cannot rest merely on arbitrary personal will. II is correct: Federalism → Constitutional distribution of powers across levels of government. Union and state responsibilities are constitutionally allocated.

Correct answer: B

Secrecy reduces coercion and retaliation.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Single citizenship in India → Citizenship of India rather than separate state citizenship. Moving between states does not require a new citizenship. II is incorrect: Ordinance → Temporary law made by the executive under constitutional conditions. It must face the legislature within the prescribed framework.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Republic → Head of state is not a hereditary monarch. India's President holds an elective constitutional office. II is correct: Cooperative federalism → Union and states work together on shared issues. It emphasises coordination rather than eliminating constitutional divisions.

Correct answer: A

Voting is not conditioned on wealth or educational degree.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Ordinance → Temporary law made by the executive under constitutional conditions. It must face the legislature within the prescribed framework. II is incorrect: Republic → Head of state is not a hereditary monarch. India's President holds an elective constitutional office.

Correct answer: D

It does not create a separate electorate by caste.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Secret ballot → A voter's choice is protected from disclosure. Secrecy reduces coercion and retaliation. II is incorrect: First-past-the-post election → Candidate with the most votes wins the seat. An absolute majority of all votes is not always required.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Cooperative federalism → Union and states work together on shared issues. It emphasises coordination rather than eliminating constitutional divisions. II is correct: Rule of law → Government is subject to law. Public power cannot rest merely on arbitrary personal will.

Correct answer: D

A conflicting law can be invalidated by a competent court.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Universal adult franchise → Voting entitlement for adults subject to legal qualifications. Voting is not conditioned on wealth or educational degree. II is correct: Delegated legislation → Rules made under authority granted by a legislature. The delegated authority must remain within the parent law.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Secret ballot → A voter's choice is protected from disclosure. Secrecy reduces coercion and retaliation. II is incorrect: Ordinance → Temporary law made by the executive under constitutional conditions. It must face the legislature within the prescribed framework.

Correct answer: B

Its constitutional authority is under Article 324.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Parliamentary executive → Executive depends on legislative confidence. The ministry remains responsible to the elected lower House. II is incorrect: Reserved constituency → Specified eligibility for candidates, with all eligible local electors voting. It does not create a separate electorate by caste.

Correct answer: D

It emphasises coordination rather than eliminating constitutional divisions.