Environment

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Water entering the soil surface → Infiltration. Its rate depends on soil and surface conditions. II is correct: Loss of water vapour from plant surfaces → Transpiration. Stomata are a major route of water loss.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Precautionary principle → Taking preventive action despite incomplete certainty about serious harm. Lack of full certainty is not always a reason for inaction. II is incorrect: Extended producer responsibility → Producer responsibility extending to a product's post-consumer stage. It can support collection and environmentally sound treatment.

Correct answer: D

It considers cumulative demand on an ecosystem.

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Disaster vulnerability → Susceptibility to harm under a hazard. Exposure and limited capacity can increase potential losses. II is incorrect: Baseline survey → Recording conditions before an intervention. It creates a reference for later comparison.

Correct answer: A

It supports informed planning and mitigation.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Environmental audit → Systematic review of environmental performance or compliance. It checks practices against specified criteria. II is incorrect: Environmental monitoring → Repeated measurement of environmental conditions. Trends can reveal change or compliance problems.

Correct answer: B

It can support collection and environmentally sound treatment.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Watershed approach → Managing land and water within a drainage area. Upstream and downstream processes are considered together. II is correct: Green building → Building designed to reduce resource use and environmental impacts. Design considers energy, water, materials and indoor conditions.

Correct answer: D

It seeks to internalise environmental costs.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Sustainable transport → Mobility with reduced environmental and social burdens. Public transport and safe active travel can contribute. II is correct: Extended producer responsibility → Producer responsibility extending to a product's post-consumer stage. It can support collection and environmentally sound treatment.

Correct answer: D

Exposure and limited capacity can increase potential losses.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Precautionary principle → Taking preventive action despite incomplete certainty about serious harm. Lack of full certainty is not always a reason for inaction. II is correct: Ecological footprint → Demand expressed as biologically productive area needed to support consumption and absorb relevant wastes. It differs from a measurement of carbon emissions alone.

Correct answer: C

It creates a reference for later comparison.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Resilience → Capacity to absorb disturbance and retain or recover function. A resilient system can reorganise without losing essential functions. II is correct: Polluter-pays principle → Polluter bears appropriate pollution prevention and damage costs. It seeks to internalise environmental costs.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Extended producer responsibility → Producer responsibility extending to a product's post-consumer stage. It can support collection and environmentally sound treatment. II is incorrect: Environmental monitoring → Repeated measurement of environmental conditions. Trends can reveal change or compliance problems.

Correct answer: B

Public transport and safe active travel can contribute.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Ecological footprint → Demand expressed as biologically productive area needed to support consumption and absorb relevant wastes. It differs from a measurement of carbon emissions alone. II is incorrect: Environmental audit → Systematic review of environmental performance or compliance. It checks practices against specified criteria.

Correct answer: B

Useful observations still require quality controls.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Disaster vulnerability → Susceptibility to harm under a hazard. Exposure and limited capacity can increase potential losses. II is correct: Green building → Building designed to reduce resource use and environmental impacts. Design considers energy, water, materials and indoor conditions.

Correct answer: A

Lack of full certainty is not always a reason for inaction.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Environmental impact assessment → Examining likely environmental effects before a proposed project proceeds. It supports informed planning and mitigation. II is correct: Disaster vulnerability → Susceptibility to harm under a hazard. Exposure and limited capacity can increase potential losses.

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Watershed approach → Managing land and water within a drainage area. Upstream and downstream processes are considered together. II is incorrect: Environmental monitoring → Repeated measurement of environmental conditions. Trends can reveal change or compliance problems.

Correct answer: C

It differs from a measurement of carbon emissions alone.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Environmental monitoring → Repeated measurement of environmental conditions. Trends can reveal change or compliance problems. II is incorrect: Disaster vulnerability → Susceptibility to harm under a hazard. Exposure and limited capacity can increase potential losses.

Correct answer: C

A resilient system can reorganise without losing essential functions.