Which rock forms when magma or lava cools and solidifies?
Correct answer: D
Cooling molten material produces igneous rock.
Geography
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Which continent contains the Sahara Desert?
Correct answer: C
The Sahara extends across much of northern Africa.
Which natural phenomenon results mainly from the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun on oceans?
Correct answer: D
Their gravitational effects produce periodic changes in sea level.
Which ocean-current type generally lowers nearby coastal temperatures?
Correct answer: C
Cold currents carry cooler water towards warmer regions.
Which imaginary line divides Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
Correct answer: B
The Equator is at zero degrees latitude.
Which rainfall occurs when moist air rises over a mountain barrier?
Correct answer: D
Rising air cools and condenses on the windward slope.
Which atmospheric layer contains most weather phenomena?
Correct answer: C
Most atmospheric water vapour and weather occur in this layer.
Which rock type forms through heat and pressure acting on existing rock?
Correct answer: B
Metamorphism changes minerals and texture without full melting.
Which narrow waterway links the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean?
Correct answer: C
The strait separates southern Spain from northern Africa.
What is the dry leeward region behind a mountain called?
Correct answer: A
Much moisture has already condensed on the windward side.
Which continent is crossed by both the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn and contains the Amazon basin?
Correct answer: D
The Amazon basin occupies a large part of northern South America.
Which ocean is the largest by surface area?
Correct answer: A
The Pacific covers the greatest ocean area.
What is the point inside Earth where an earthquake originates called?
Correct answer: C
The surface point directly above it is the epicentre.
Which atmospheric layer contains the main ozone concentration?
Correct answer: B
Stratospheric ozone absorbs much harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Lake Baikal — the correct location or connection: Russia. II. Strait of Malacca — the correct location or connection: Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.
Correct answer: A
I is correct: Lake Baikal → Russia. The lake lies in southern Siberia. II is correct: Strait of Malacca → Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. It is a major route between the Indian and Pacific ocean regions.
For Great Dividing Range, identify the correct location or connection.
Correct answer: B
The uplands run broadly parallel to the east coast.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Rocky Mountains — the correct location or connection: Eastern Australia. II. Bab-el-Mandeb — the correct location or connection: Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.
Correct answer: D
I is incorrect: Rocky Mountains → Western North America. They extend through Canada and the United States. II is correct: Bab-el-Mandeb → Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. It lies between the Arabian Peninsula and northeastern Africa.
For Atacama Desert, identify the correct location or connection.
Correct answer: A
It is especially associated with northern Chile.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Panama Canal — the correct location or connection: Mediterranean and Red seas. II. Lake Titicaca — the correct location or connection: Peru-Bolivia border.
Correct answer: D
I is incorrect: Panama Canal → Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It crosses the Isthmus of Panama. II is correct: Lake Titicaca → Peru-Bolivia border. It lies high in the Andes.
For Strait of Hormuz, identify the correct location or connection.
Correct answer: A
It forms the narrow entrance to the Persian Gulf.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Suez Canal — the correct location or connection: Western South America. II. Gobi Desert — the correct location or connection: Mongolia and northern China.
Correct answer: D
I is incorrect: Suez Canal → Mediterranean and Red seas. It provides a sea route through Egypt. II is correct: Gobi Desert → Mongolia and northern China. It is a cold continental desert.
For Bab-el-Mandeb, identify the correct location or connection.
Correct answer: B
It lies between the Arabian Peninsula and northeastern Africa.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Atlas Mountains — the correct location or connection: Northwestern Africa. II. Strait of Gibraltar — the correct location or connection: Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.
Correct answer: D
I is correct: Atlas Mountains → Northwestern Africa. They extend across parts of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. II is correct: Strait of Gibraltar → Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. The strait separates Spain from Morocco.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Suez Canal — the correct location or connection: Western South America. II. Lake Baikal — the correct location or connection: Russia.
Correct answer: C
I is incorrect: Suez Canal → Mediterranean and Red seas. It provides a sea route through Egypt. II is correct: Lake Baikal → Russia. The lake lies in southern Siberia.
For Rocky Mountains, identify the correct location or connection.
Correct answer: D
They extend through Canada and the United States.