Agriculture and Rural Development

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Common property resource → Resource used under shared community arrangements. Rules govern access and prevent uncontrolled depletion. II is correct: Women’s participation in local planning → Inclusion of perspectives often underrepresented in decisions. Meaningful participation requires voice as well as attendance.

Correct answer: D

It supports informed use of formal services.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Decentralised planning → Planning with decisions and inputs closer to local communities. It can improve fit with local priorities. II is incorrect: Rural infrastructure → Foundational facilities supporting village life and production. Roads, power, storage and communication are examples.

Correct answer: A

It strengthens public accountability.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Financial literacy → Understanding basic financial choices and risks. It supports informed use of formal services. II is correct: Skill development → Building practical capabilities for productive work. Training is most useful when linked to actual opportunities.

Correct answer: D

Roads, power, storage and communication are examples.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Farmer field school → Experiential group learning through field observation and experimentation. Participants compare practices during a crop cycle. II is incorrect: Self-help group → Small member group using regular savings and mutual support. Groups can develop internal lending and links to formal finance.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Humus → Relatively stable decomposed organic matter. It improves nutrient retention and aspects of soil structure. II is correct: Sulphur as a plant nutrient → Component of certain amino acids. Cysteine and methionine contain sulphur.

Correct answer: A

It supplies organic matter and nutrients.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Green manuring → Incorporation of a green crop to improve soil. Leguminous green manures can add biologically fixed nitrogen. II is incorrect: Cation exchange capacity → Capacity of soil to retain exchangeable positively charged ions. Clay and organic matter contribute to it.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Vermicompost → Organic material processed with earthworm activity. It is produced under conditions suitable for composting worms. II is correct: Calcium as a plant nutrient → Important in cell walls and growing tissues. It contributes to cell-wall structure and membrane function.

Correct answer: B

Texture strongly influences water retention and aeration.

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Sulphur as a plant nutrient → Component of certain amino acids. Cysteine and methionine contain sulphur. II is correct: Farmyard manure → Decomposed mixture of animal dung, urine and bedding. It supplies organic matter and nutrients.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Green manuring → Incorporation of a green crop to improve soil. Leguminous green manures can add biologically fixed nitrogen. II is incorrect: Soil texture → Relative proportions of sand, silt and clay. Texture strongly influences water retention and aeration.

Correct answer: B

Clay and organic matter contribute to it.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Potassium as a plant nutrient → Important in enzyme activation and water regulation. It participates in stomatal regulation and stress response. II is incorrect: Vermicompost → Organic material processed with earthworm activity. It is produced under conditions suitable for composting worms.

Correct answer: D

Recommendations should reflect soil and crop conditions.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Phosphorus as a plant nutrient → Important in energy transfer and root development. ATP and nucleic acids contain phosphorus. II is correct: Sulphur as a plant nutrient → Component of certain amino acids. Cysteine and methionine contain sulphur.

Correct answer: C

Leguminous green manures can add biologically fixed nitrogen.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Farmyard manure → Decomposed mixture of animal dung, urine and bedding. It supplies organic matter and nutrients. II is correct: Cation exchange capacity → Capacity of soil to retain exchangeable positively charged ions. Clay and organic matter contribute to it.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Potassium as a plant nutrient → Important in enzyme activation and water regulation. It participates in stomatal regulation and stress response. II is incorrect: Soil texture → Relative proportions of sand, silt and clay. Texture strongly influences water retention and aeration.

Correct answer: D

It improves nutrient retention and aspects of soil structure.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Soil test → Measurement used to guide nutrient and soil management. Recommendations should reflect soil and crop conditions. II is correct: Green manuring → Incorporation of a green crop to improve soil. Leguminous green manures can add biologically fixed nitrogen.

Correct answer: B

Plants require it in small amounts.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Vermicompost → Organic material processed with earthworm activity. It is produced under conditions suitable for composting worms. II is correct: Soil structure → Arrangement of soil particles into aggregates. Stable aggregates improve pore continuity and tilth.