Agriculture and Rural Development

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Participatory rural appraisal → Methods enabling communities to analyse local conditions. It uses local knowledge and collective assessment. II is incorrect: Farm budgeting → Estimating receipts and costs for planned activities. It supports comparison of production choices.

Correct answer: C

It can spread market and production risk.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Cold chain → Temperature-controlled handling across successive stages. Breaks in control can reduce the quality of perishable products. II is incorrect: Marketed surplus → Quantity actually sold in the market. It can differ from marketable surplus.

Correct answer: C

It does not deduct all fixed costs.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Contract farming → Production under an agreement with a buyer. Agreements can specify quality, supply and purchase conditions. II is incorrect: Warehouse receipt → Document representing stored goods under a specified arrangement. It can support trade or finance subject to applicable rules.

Correct answer: A

I is incorrect: Demonstration plot → Field-based illustration of a practice or technology. Farmers can observe performance in relevant conditions. II is incorrect: Storage moisture control → Reducing conditions favourable to spoilage. Safe moisture requirements depend on the commodity.

Correct answer: D

It connects knowledge with local practice.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Farmer producer organisation → Collective organisation of producers for economic activity. It can improve aggregation, services and bargaining power. II is correct: Crop diversification → Adding or changing crops to broaden the production mix. It can spread market and production risk.

Correct answer: A

It differs from the quantity actually sold.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Farm budgeting → Estimating receipts and costs for planned activities. It supports comparison of production choices. II is incorrect: Warehouse receipt → Document representing stored goods under a specified arrangement. It can support trade or finance subject to applicable rules.

Correct answer: D

Breaks in control can reduce the quality of perishable products.

Correct answer: A

I is incorrect: Participatory rural appraisal → Methods enabling communities to analyse local conditions. It uses local knowledge and collective assessment. II is incorrect: Contract farming → Production under an agreement with a buyer. Agreements can specify quality, supply and purchase conditions.

Correct answer: D

It supports consistent marketing and pricing.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Farmer producer organisation → Collective organisation of producers for economic activity. It can improve aggregation, services and bargaining power. II is correct: Storage moisture control → Reducing conditions favourable to spoilage. Safe moisture requirements depend on the commodity.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Demonstration plot → Field-based illustration of a practice or technology. Farmers can observe performance in relevant conditions. II is incorrect: Marketed surplus → Quantity actually sold in the market. It can differ from marketable surplus.

Correct answer: C

It can support trade or finance subject to applicable rules.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Contract farming → Production under an agreement with a buyer. Agreements can specify quality, supply and purchase conditions. II is correct: Farmer producer organisation → Collective organisation of producers for economic activity. It can improve aggregation, services and bargaining power.

Correct answer: A

It supports comparison of production choices.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Farmer producer organisation → Collective organisation of producers for economic activity. It can improve aggregation, services and bargaining power. II is correct: Participatory rural appraisal → Methods enabling communities to analyse local conditions. It uses local knowledge and collective assessment.

Correct answer: B

It can differ from marketable surplus.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Agricultural extension → Education and advisory support for farming decisions. It connects knowledge with local practice. II is incorrect: Crop diversification → Adding or changing crops to broaden the production mix. It can spread market and production risk.

Correct answer: B

Agreements can specify quality, supply and purchase conditions.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Contract farming → Production under an agreement with a buyer. Agreements can specify quality, supply and purchase conditions. II is correct: Marketed surplus → Quantity actually sold in the market. It can differ from marketable surplus.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Community asset maintenance → Upkeep needed to keep shared facilities functional. Creation without maintenance can lead to rapid loss of benefit. II is incorrect: Decentralised planning → Planning with decisions and inputs closer to local communities. It can improve fit with local priorities.

Correct answer: B

Transport, information and administrative barriers can matter.