Environment

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Community conservation → Local participation in protecting shared ecosystems. Rules and incentives involve the people using the resources. II is incorrect: Assisted natural regeneration → Removing barriers to natural vegetation recovery. Protection from repeated disturbance can enable regrowth.

Correct answer: D

It is an ex situ conservation method.

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Restoration ecology → Recovery of degraded ecological systems. It seeks to rebuild ecological structure and processes. II is correct: Rain garden → Planted depression receiving stormwater. It promotes infiltration and can filter runoff.

Correct answer: D

It restores tree cover on formerly forested land.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Buffer zone → Area moderating pressures around a protected core. Compatible use can reduce impacts on sensitive habitat. II is correct: Seed bank → Storage of viable seeds for future use. It is an ex situ conservation method.

Correct answer: A

Water regime is central to wetland recovery.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Wildlife corridor → Connection between separated habitats. It supports movement and genetic exchange. II is correct: Gene bank → Conservation of genetic material. Material may be stored as seeds, tissues or other forms.

Correct answer: A

It promotes infiltration and can filter runoff.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Wetland restoration → Re-establishing wetland hydrology and ecological function. Water regime is central to wetland recovery. II is correct: Assisted natural regeneration → Removing barriers to natural vegetation recovery. Protection from repeated disturbance can enable regrowth.

Correct answer: A

It differs from replanting a recently cleared forest.

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Contour bunding → Barriers following equal-elevation lines. It slows runoff and reduces soil erosion. II is incorrect: Seed bank → Storage of viable seeds for future use. It is an ex situ conservation method.

Correct answer: D

It seeks to rebuild ecological structure and processes.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Reforestation → Re-establishment of forest after forest loss. It restores tree cover on formerly forested land. II is correct: Wildlife corridor → Connection between separated habitats. It supports movement and genetic exchange.

Correct answer: B

It combines production with ecological functions.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Gene bank → Conservation of genetic material. Material may be stored as seeds, tissues or other forms. II is correct: Wetland restoration → Re-establishing wetland hydrology and ecological function. Water regime is central to wetland recovery.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Rain garden → Planted depression receiving stormwater. It promotes infiltration and can filter runoff. II is incorrect: Seed bank → Storage of viable seeds for future use. It is an ex situ conservation method.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Ecological niche → An organism's functional role and resource use. A niche is more than its physical address. II is correct: Limiting factor → Resource or condition restricting growth. Scarce water can limit plant production.

Correct answer: B

It depends on resources and environmental limits.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Biosphere → Earth's zone supporting life. It spans parts of land, water and atmosphere. II is incorrect: Primary succession → Succession on a surface initially lacking developed soil. New lava provides a possible starting surface.

Correct answer: C

Temperature, light and mineral availability are examples.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Biome → Large ecological region associated with climate and vegetation. Tundra and tropical rainforest are examples. II is correct: Habitat → Place where an organism lives. Habitat describes location and environmental setting.

Correct answer: C

A niche is more than its physical address.

Correct answer: A

I is incorrect: Carrying capacity → Population supportable over time under given conditions. It depends on resources and environmental limits. II is incorrect: Ecotone → Transition zone between ecological communities. It may contain species from adjoining communities.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Biome → Large ecological region associated with climate and vegetation. Tundra and tropical rainforest are examples. II is incorrect: Primary succession → Succession on a surface initially lacking developed soil. New lava provides a possible starting surface.

Correct answer: D

Predators, competitors and pathogens are examples.