Polity

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Financial Emergency → Article 360. It concerns a threat to financial stability or credit. II is correct: Right to property after the Forty-fourth Amendment → A constitutional right under Article 300A. It is no longer a Fundamental Right.

Correct answer: D

They were inserted by the Fifty-second Amendment.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Certiorari → Quashes an order of an inferior adjudicatory body in appropriate cases. It is a supervisory judicial remedy. II is correct: Court of record → Its records have evidentiary authority and it can punish contempt. The Supreme Court and High Courts have this status.

Correct answer: D

It tests whether the officeholder lawfully holds the office.

Correct answer: A

I is incorrect: Supreme Court advisory jurisdiction → President may refer specified questions. Article 143 provides for advisory opinions. II is correct: Voting age reduction to eighteen → Sixty-first Amendment. It amended Article 326.

Correct answer: C

It can allow representation of persons unable to approach courts themselves.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Constitutional amendment deadlock between Houses → No joint sitting is provided. Each House must pass the Bill by the required majority. II is incorrect: Anti-defection provisions → Tenth Schedule. They were inserted by the Fifty-second Amendment.

Correct answer: A

Article 131 specifies the relevant disputes.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: National Emergency → Article 352. The grounds are war, external aggression or armed rebellion. II is correct: Judicial review → Courts examine constitutionality of state action. It helps maintain constitutional supremacy.

Correct answer: C

The writ protects against unlawful detention.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: President's Rule → Article 356. It concerns failure of constitutional machinery in a state. II is incorrect: Right to property after the Forty-fourth Amendment → A constitutional right under Article 300A. It is no longer a Fundamental Right.

Correct answer: C

It concerns a threat to financial stability or credit.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Mandamus → Commands performance of a public duty. It addresses a failure to perform a legally required duty. II is incorrect: Supreme Court advisory jurisdiction → President may refer specified questions. Article 143 provides for advisory opinions.

Correct answer: B

This is additional to the required parliamentary majority.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Voting age reduction to eighteen → Sixty-first Amendment. It amended Article 326. II is correct: Quo warranto → Questions legal entitlement to a public office. It tests whether the officeholder lawfully holds the office.

Correct answer: A

The special procedure is in Article 368.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Financial Emergency → Article 360. It concerns a threat to financial stability or credit. II is correct: Court of record → Its records have evidentiary authority and it can punish contempt. The Supreme Court and High Courts have this status.

Correct answer: C

It helps maintain constitutional supremacy.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: President's Rule → Article 356. It concerns failure of constitutional machinery in a state. II is incorrect: Public interest litigation → Relaxed standing in appropriate public-interest cases. It can allow representation of persons unable to approach courts themselves.

Correct answer: A

Article 143 provides for advisory opinions.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: National Emergency → Article 352. The grounds are war, external aggression or armed rebellion. II is correct: Federal provisions specified in Article 368 → Require ratification by at least half the states. This is additional to the required parliamentary majority.

Correct answer: D

It addresses a failure to perform a legally required duty.

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Court of record → Its records have evidentiary authority and it can punish contempt. The Supreme Court and High Courts have this status. II is correct: Quo warranto → Questions legal entitlement to a public office. It tests whether the officeholder lawfully holds the office.

Correct answer: B

It concerns failure of constitutional machinery in a state.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Constitutional amendment deadlock between Houses → No joint sitting is provided. Each House must pass the Bill by the required majority. II is incorrect: Right to property after the Forty-fourth Amendment → A constitutional right under Article 300A. It is no longer a Fundamental Right.