Agriculture and Rural Development

Correct answer: A

I is incorrect: Colostrum → First milk after birth. It provides concentrated nutrients and immune factors to newborn animals. II is correct: Budding → Propagation using a single bud on a rootstock. It is a form of vegetative propagation.

Correct answer: D

It concerns vegetable production.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Pomology → Study and cultivation of fruit crops. It is a branch of horticulture. II is correct: Colostrum → First milk after birth. It provides concentrated nutrients and immune factors to newborn animals.

Correct answer: A

The scion and rootstock must form a functional union.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Aquaculture → Farming of aquatic organisms. It includes fish and other aquatic species. II is incorrect: Ruminant → Animal with a specialised foregut fermentation system. Cattle and buffalo are examples.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Trap crop → Crop planted to attract pests away from the main crop. Its management is essential to avoid becoming a pest source. II is incorrect: Crop scouting → Systematic field observation for crop and pest conditions. Decisions improve when based on representative observations.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Quarantine → Measures limiting introduction or spread of regulated pests. Movement of planting material can spread pests. II is incorrect: Economic injury level → Pest density where damage cost equals control cost. It links pest abundance to economic loss.

Correct answer: C

They specify important restrictions and precautions.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Pheromone trap → Trap using a chemical signal to attract target insects. It is often used for monitoring or specific control strategies. II is correct: Seed treatment → Protective or biological treatment applied to seed before sowing. It targets early establishment problems.

Correct answer: B

Care is needed to avoid desirable vegetation.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Resistance management → Practices reducing selection for resistant pest populations. Alternating effective modes of action can be one component. II is correct: Economic threshold → Pest density at which action should begin to prevent unacceptable loss. It is normally set before the economic injury level is reached.

Correct answer: C

Decisions improve when based on representative observations.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Selective herbicide → Herbicide affecting some plant groups more than others. Selectivity depends on crop, weed, dose and application conditions. II is incorrect: Economic injury level → Pest density where damage cost equals control cost. It links pest abundance to economic loss.

Correct answer: C

It avoids relying solely on routine pesticide applications.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Biological control → Use of natural enemies against pests. Predators, parasitoids and pathogens may be used. II is incorrect: Non-selective herbicide → Herbicide damaging a broad range of plants. Care is needed to avoid desirable vegetation.

Correct answer: D

Resistance can reduce but need not eliminate damage.

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Pesticide label directions → Product-specific instructions for authorised handling and use. They specify important restrictions and precautions. II is incorrect: Economic threshold → Pest density at which action should begin to prevent unacceptable loss. It is normally set before the economic injury level is reached.

Correct answer: D

It targets early establishment problems.

Correct answer: A

I is incorrect: Resistance management → Practices reducing selection for resistant pest populations. Alternating effective modes of action can be one component. II is correct: Biological control → Use of natural enemies against pests. Predators, parasitoids and pathogens may be used.

Correct answer: B

It links pest abundance to economic loss.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Selective herbicide → Herbicide affecting some plant groups more than others. Selectivity depends on crop, weed, dose and application conditions. II is incorrect: Resistant variety → Plant variety less susceptible to a specified pest or disease. Resistance can reduce but need not eliminate damage.

Correct answer: B

It is often used for monitoring or specific control strategies.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Seed treatment → Protective or biological treatment applied to seed before sowing. It targets early establishment problems. II is correct: Crop scouting → Systematic field observation for crop and pest conditions. Decisions improve when based on representative observations.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Pheromone trap → Trap using a chemical signal to attract target insects. It is often used for monitoring or specific control strategies. II is correct: Economic threshold → Pest density at which action should begin to prevent unacceptable loss. It is normally set before the economic injury level is reached.

Correct answer: A

Predators, parasitoids and pathogens may be used.