Agriculture and Rural Development

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Available water capacity → Water held between field capacity and permanent wilting point. It indicates a soil's plant-available storage range. II is incorrect: Terracing → Creating stepped cultivation surfaces on slopes. It reduces slope length and runoff velocity.

Correct answer: A

Crop stage, soil moisture and weather inform the decision.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Waterlogging → Excess water restricting air in the root zone. Oxygen shortage can damage roots. II is correct: Terracing → Creating stepped cultivation surfaces on slopes. It reduces slope length and runoff velocity.

Correct answer: B

It indicates a soil's plant-available storage range.

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Furrow irrigation → Water flowing through channels between crop rows. Water infiltrates laterally and downward from the furrows. II is correct: Permanent wilting point → Water content below which plants cannot recover turgor under reference conditions. Water is held too tightly for adequate uptake.

Correct answer: A

It helps prevent prolonged saturation.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Contour cultivation → Field operations along lines of equal elevation. It helps slow downslope water movement. II is incorrect: Mulching → Covering the soil surface. It can reduce evaporation and moderate soil temperature.

Correct answer: A

Wind and evaporation can affect distribution.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Salinity → Excess soluble salts in soil or water. It can make water uptake more difficult through osmotic effects. II is incorrect: Available water capacity → Water held between field capacity and permanent wilting point. It indicates a soil's plant-available storage range.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Irrigation scheduling → Deciding when and how much water to apply. Crop stage, soil moisture and weather inform the decision. II is correct: Terracing → Creating stepped cultivation surfaces on slopes. It reduces slope length and runoff velocity.

Correct answer: C

Oxygen shortage can damage roots.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Mulching → Covering the soil surface. It can reduce evaporation and moderate soil temperature. II is incorrect: Drainage → Removal of excess water from soil or land. It helps prevent prolonged saturation.

Correct answer: C

It can limit wind erosion and protect crops.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Sprinkler irrigation → Application resembling rainfall through pressurised nozzles. Wind and evaporation can affect distribution. II is incorrect: Furrow irrigation → Water flowing through channels between crop rows. Water infiltrates laterally and downward from the furrows.

Correct answer: A

It reduces slope length and runoff velocity.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Permanent wilting point → Water content below which plants cannot recover turgor under reference conditions. Water is held too tightly for adequate uptake. II is correct: Irrigation scheduling → Deciding when and how much water to apply. Crop stage, soil moisture and weather inform the decision.

Correct answer: A

It can make water uptake more difficult through osmotic effects.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Waterlogging → Excess water restricting air in the root zone. Oxygen shortage can damage roots. II is correct: Available water capacity → Water held between field capacity and permanent wilting point. It indicates a soil's plant-available storage range.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Mulching → Covering the soil surface. It can reduce evaporation and moderate soil temperature. II is correct: Sprinkler irrigation → Application resembling rainfall through pressurised nozzles. Wind and evaporation can affect distribution.

Correct answer: D

It can reduce non-beneficial water losses when well managed.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Furrow irrigation → Water flowing through channels between crop rows. Water infiltrates laterally and downward from the furrows. II is incorrect: Mulching → Covering the soil surface. It can reduce evaporation and moderate soil temperature.

Correct answer: D

It can reduce evaporation and moderate soil temperature.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Contour cultivation → Field operations along lines of equal elevation. It helps slow downslope water movement. II is correct: Salinity → Excess soluble salts in soil or water. It can make water uptake more difficult through osmotic effects.

Correct answer: D

Water infiltrates laterally and downward from the furrows.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Irrigation scheduling → Deciding when and how much water to apply. Crop stage, soil moisture and weather inform the decision. II is correct: Salinity → Excess soluble salts in soil or water. It can make water uptake more difficult through osmotic effects.