Which organelle is a major site of aerobic ATP production?
Correct answer: B
Cellular respiration in mitochondria generates much of a cell's ATP.
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Which structure is the functional unit of the kidney?
Correct answer: C
Nephrons filter blood and process the filtrate.
Which process produces gametes with a reduced chromosome number?
Correct answer: D
Meiosis halves chromosome number in sexual reproduction.
Which vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Correct answer: C
Direction of flow defines arteries, not oxygen content.
Which association links a fungus and a photosynthetic partner?
Correct answer: A
The partners form a close symbiotic association.
Which organelle is the main site of photosynthesis in plant cells?
Correct answer: B
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and photosynthetic machinery.
Which organisms break down dead organic material into simpler substances?
Correct answer: C
They recycle nutrients in ecosystems.
Which organ produces bile?
Correct answer: A
Bile helps emulsify fats in the digestive tract.
Which vessels carry blood towards the heart?
Correct answer: B
Veins return blood to the heart.
Which cell structure contains most genetic material in a typical eukaryotic cell?
Correct answer: C
Most cellular DNA is stored in the nucleus.
What is loss of water vapour from plant surfaces called?
Correct answer: B
Much of this loss occurs through stomata.
Which process produces two genetically similar daughter cells for growth and repair?
Correct answer: A
Mitosis generally preserves chromosome number.
Which plant tissue transports sugars from source regions?
Correct answer: C
Phloem transports organic nutrients between sources and sinks.
Which blood component is mainly responsible for oxygen transport?
Correct answer: A
Their haemoglobin binds and carries oxygen.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Plaster of Paris — the common chemical association: Calcium sulphate dihydrate. II. Baking soda — the common chemical association: Calcium hydroxide.
Correct answer: B
I is incorrect: Plaster of Paris → Calcium sulphate hemihydrate. Its formula is CaSO4·½H2O. II is incorrect: Baking soda → Sodium hydrogen carbonate. Its formula is NaHCO3.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Principal gas in ordinary natural gas — the common chemical association: Methane. II. Acid commonly found in curd — the common chemical association: Sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Correct answer: C
I is correct: Principal gas in ordinary natural gas → Methane. Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mixture dominated by methane. II is incorrect: Acid commonly found in curd → Lactic acid. Bacterial fermentation produces lactic acid from sugars.
For Slaked lime, identify the common chemical association.
Correct answer: B
Its formula is Ca(OH)2.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Washing soda crystals — the common chemical association: Sodium carbonate decahydrate. II. Main acid in citrus fruits — the common chemical association: Sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Correct answer: C
I is correct: Washing soda crystals → Sodium carbonate decahydrate. Their formula is Na2CO3·10H2O. II is incorrect: Main acid in citrus fruits → Citric acid. It contributes to their sour taste.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Gypsum — the common chemical association: Calcium sulphate dihydrate. II. Quicklime — the common chemical association: Calcium oxide.
Correct answer: D
I is correct: Gypsum → Calcium sulphate dihydrate. Its formula is CaSO4·2H2O. II is correct: Quicklime → Calcium oxide. Its formula is CaO.
For Principal gas in ordinary natural gas, identify the common chemical association.
Correct answer: B
Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mixture dominated by methane.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Acid commonly found in curd — the common chemical association: Lactic acid. II. Vinegar's characteristic acid — the common chemical association: Acetic acid.
Correct answer: A
I is correct: Acid commonly found in curd → Lactic acid. Bacterial fermentation produces lactic acid from sugars. II is correct: Vinegar's characteristic acid → Acetic acid. Vinegar is a dilute aqueous solution containing this acid.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Washing soda crystals — the common chemical association: Calcium hydroxide. II. Slaked lime — the common chemical association: Calcium sulphate hemihydrate.
Correct answer: B
I is incorrect: Washing soda crystals → Sodium carbonate decahydrate. Their formula is Na2CO3·10H2O. II is incorrect: Slaked lime → Calcium hydroxide. Its formula is Ca(OH)2.
For Main acid in citrus fruits, identify the common chemical association.
Correct answer: A
It contributes to their sour taste.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Acid commonly found in curd — the common chemical association: Sodium hydrogen carbonate. II. Quicklime — the common chemical association: Calcium oxide.
Correct answer: C
I is incorrect: Acid commonly found in curd → Lactic acid. Bacterial fermentation produces lactic acid from sugars. II is correct: Quicklime → Calcium oxide. Its formula is CaO.
Evaluate the two proposed answers. Which are supported? I. Principal gas in ordinary natural gas — the common chemical association: Methane. II. Slaked lime — the common chemical association: Calcium hydroxide.
Correct answer: B
I is correct: Principal gas in ordinary natural gas → Methane. Natural gas is a hydrocarbon mixture dominated by methane. II is correct: Slaked lime → Calcium hydroxide. Its formula is Ca(OH)2.