Environment

Correct answer: D

Carbonic acid chemistry changes carbonate availability.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Renewable energy → Energy from sources replenished on human timescales. Sunlight and wind are familiar examples. II is incorrect: Carbon footprint → Greenhouse gas emissions attributable to an activity or entity. Different gases are commonly expressed in carbon-dioxide-equivalent terms.

Correct answer: D

It reduces vulnerability to effects already occurring or anticipated.

Correct answer: B

I is incorrect: Ocean acidification → Declining seawater pH as more carbon dioxide dissolves. Carbonic acid chemistry changes carbonate availability. II is correct: Solar thermal collector → Capture of solar energy as heat. It can heat water without generating electricity directly.

Correct answer: A

Switching off unused equipment is an example.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Albedo → Fraction of incoming radiation reflected by a surface. Ice usually has a higher albedo than dark soil. II is correct: Climate adaptation → Adjustment to actual or expected climate impacts. It reduces vulnerability to effects already occurring or anticipated.

Correct answer: A

Efficient equipment reduces input for a given output.

Correct answer: A

I is correct: Renewable energy → Energy from sources replenished on human timescales. Sunlight and wind are familiar examples. II is correct: Energy conservation → Reducing unnecessary energy use. Switching off unused equipment is an example.

Correct answer: A

I is incorrect: Seed bank → Storage of viable seeds for future use. It is an ex situ conservation method. II is incorrect: Sustainable harvest → Removal consistent with long-term regeneration. Harvest cannot persist if it repeatedly exceeds replenishment.

Correct answer: C

It supports movement and genetic exchange.

Correct answer: A

I is incorrect: Contour bunding → Barriers following equal-elevation lines. It slows runoff and reduces soil erosion. II is incorrect: Buffer zone → Area moderating pressures around a protected core. Compatible use can reduce impacts on sensitive habitat.

Correct answer: C

It can trap sediment and improve local infiltration.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Wetland restoration → Re-establishing wetland hydrology and ecological function. Water regime is central to wetland recovery. II is correct: Sustainable harvest → Removal consistent with long-term regeneration. Harvest cannot persist if it repeatedly exceeds replenishment.

Correct answer: C

Material may be stored as seeds, tissues or other forms.

Correct answer: D

I is incorrect: Assisted natural regeneration → Removing barriers to natural vegetation recovery. Protection from repeated disturbance can enable regrowth. II is incorrect: Agroforestry → Integration of trees with crops or livestock. It combines production with ecological functions.

Correct answer: C

Compatible use can reduce impacts on sensitive habitat.

Correct answer: A

I is incorrect: Restoration ecology → Recovery of degraded ecological systems. It seeks to rebuild ecological structure and processes. II is correct: Seed bank → Storage of viable seeds for future use. It is an ex situ conservation method.

Correct answer: B

Rules and incentives involve the people using the resources.

Correct answer: C

I is incorrect: Gene bank → Conservation of genetic material. Material may be stored as seeds, tissues or other forms. II is incorrect: Reforestation → Re-establishment of forest after forest loss. It restores tree cover on formerly forested land.

Correct answer: A

Protection from repeated disturbance can enable regrowth.

Correct answer: B

I is correct: Afforestation → Establishment of forest on land not recently forested. It differs from replanting a recently cleared forest. II is incorrect: Rain garden → Planted depression receiving stormwater. It promotes infiltration and can filter runoff.

Correct answer: A

Harvest cannot persist if it repeatedly exceeds replenishment.

Correct answer: C

I is correct: Wildlife corridor → Connection between separated habitats. It supports movement and genetic exchange. II is incorrect: Wetland restoration → Re-establishing wetland hydrology and ecological function. Water regime is central to wetland recovery.

Correct answer: D

I is correct: Afforestation → Establishment of forest on land not recently forested. It differs from replanting a recently cleared forest. II is correct: Buffer zone → Area moderating pressures around a protected core. Compatible use can reduce impacts on sensitive habitat.

Correct answer: A

It slows runoff and reduces soil erosion.