Which number system, based on 0s and 1s, is used internally by computers?
Correct answer: B
Computers use the binary number system internally, representing data as 0s and 1s.
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What is the base of the decimal number system commonly used by humans?
Correct answer: D
The decimal system is base-10, using digits 0 through 9.
What is the base of the binary number system?
Correct answer: C
The binary system is base-2, using only the digits 0 and 1.
What is the base of the hexadecimal number system, often used in programming?
Correct answer: B
Hexadecimal is base-16, using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.
What is the base of the octal number system?
Correct answer: A
The octal system is base-8, using digits 0 through 7.
What is the smallest unit of data in a computer, representing a single 0 or 1?
Correct answer: B
A bit is the smallest unit of data, holding a single binary value of 0 or 1.
How many bits make up one byte?
Correct answer: A
One byte is made up of 8 bits.
How many bits make up a nibble?
Correct answer: A
A nibble consists of 4 bits, or half a byte.
Approximately how many bytes are in one kilobyte (KB)?
Correct answer: A
In binary terms, one kilobyte equals 1,024 bytes (2^10).
Approximately how many kilobytes are in one megabyte (MB)?
Correct answer: A
One megabyte equals 1,024 kilobytes in binary terms.
Approximately how many megabytes are in one gigabyte (GB)?
Correct answer: C
One gigabyte equals 1,024 megabytes in binary terms.
Approximately how many gigabytes are in one terabyte (TB)?
Correct answer: D
One terabyte equals 1,024 gigabytes in binary terms.
Which unit of data storage comes immediately after terabyte (TB) in increasing size?
Correct answer: C
A petabyte is the next larger unit after terabyte, equal to roughly 1,024 terabytes.
Which memory hierarchy level is fastest and closest to the CPU?
Correct answer: D
Registers, built into the CPU itself, are the fastest memory in the hierarchy.
In the memory hierarchy, which is generally faster: cache memory or RAM?
Correct answer: A
Cache memory is faster than RAM but smaller, sitting closer to the CPU in the hierarchy.
What term describes memory that simulates extra RAM by using space on the hard disk?
Correct answer: B
Virtual memory uses hard disk space to extend the effective capacity of RAM.
Which type of ROM can be erased and reprogrammed using ultraviolet light?
Correct answer: A
EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM) can be erased with UV light and reprogrammed.
Which type of ROM can be electrically erased and reprogrammed without removing it from the circuit?
Correct answer: B
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM) can be reprogrammed electrically in place.
Which type of ROM can be programmed once by the user after manufacturing but not changed again?
Correct answer: C
PROM (Programmable ROM) can be written to once after manufacture and is then fixed.
Which type of RAM must be periodically refreshed to retain its data and is commonly used as main memory?
Correct answer: C
DRAM needs to be refreshed regularly to retain data and is the common type used for main memory.
Which type of RAM does not need to be refreshed and is faster, often used for cache memory?
Correct answer: B
SRAM retains data without needing refresh and is faster, commonly used for cache.
How many possible values can a single bit hold?
Correct answer: D
A bit can hold one of two possible values: 0 or 1.
Which flash-memory-based storage device is commonly used as a portable, removable storage medium via USB?
Correct answer: A
A USB flash drive uses flash memory for compact, portable, removable storage.
Which generation of computers primarily used vacuum tubes as their main electronic component?
Correct answer: D
First-generation computers (roughly 1940s-1950s) used vacuum tubes for circuitry.
Which generation of computers introduced transistors, replacing vacuum tubes?
Correct answer: A
Second-generation computers (roughly late 1950s-1960s) used transistors instead of vacuum tubes.