Which type of malware attaches itself to legitimate programs and spreads when the infected program is executed?
Correct answer: D
A computer virus attaches to legitimate files or programs and spreads when they are run.
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Which type of malware can self-replicate and spread across networks without needing to attach to another program?
Correct answer: C
A worm spreads independently across networks, without needing to attach itself to a host program.
Which type of malware disguises itself as legitimate or useful software to trick users into installing it?
Correct answer: A
A Trojan horse masquerades as legitimate software to trick users into installing it.
Which type of malware secretly monitors user activity and collects information, such as browsing habits or keystrokes, without consent?
Correct answer: B
Spyware secretly gathers information about a user's activity without their knowledge or consent.
Which type of malware encrypts a victim's files and demands payment for their release?
Correct answer: C
Ransomware encrypts victim files and demands a ransom payment to restore access.
Which type of malware specifically records a user's keystrokes to capture sensitive data like passwords?
Correct answer: C
A keylogger records every keystroke a user types, often to steal passwords or sensitive data.
Which type of malware displays unwanted advertisements, often bundled with free software downloads?
Correct answer: A
Adware automatically displays unwanted advertisements, often as part of bundled free software.
Which type of malware hides its presence and grants an attacker privileged, often undetectable, access to a system?
Correct answer: B
A rootkit conceals itself deep within a system to provide attackers with hidden, privileged access.
Which type of malicious program appears harmless or dormant until triggered by a specific date or event, at which point it activates?
Correct answer: C
A logic bomb lies dormant until triggered by a specific condition, date, or event.
What term describes a network of compromised, malware-infected computers controlled remotely by an attacker, often used for attacks?
Correct answer: C
A botnet is a network of infected computers ('bots') controlled remotely to carry out coordinated attacks.
What term describes an attack that overwhelms a server or network with excessive traffic, making it unavailable to legitimate users?
Correct answer: C
A DoS attack floods a target with traffic to disrupt or deny service to legitimate users.
What term describes a DoS attack launched simultaneously from multiple compromised computers, such as a botnet?
Correct answer: B
A DDoS attack uses many distributed, often botnet-controlled, systems to overwhelm a target simultaneously.
What term describes an attack where an attacker secretly intercepts and possibly alters communication between two parties?
Correct answer: C
A Man-in-the-Middle attack involves secretly intercepting communication between two unsuspecting parties.
What term describes a technique used to trick users into revealing sensitive information by posing as a trustworthy entity, often via email?
Correct answer: B
Phishing tricks users into revealing sensitive data by impersonating a trustworthy source, typically via email or fake websites.
What term describes a targeted form of phishing directed at a specific individual or organization, often personalized?
Correct answer: C
Spear phishing is a personalized, targeted form of phishing aimed at a specific individual or group.
What term describes phishing attacks specifically targeting high-profile individuals, like executives or senior officials?
Correct answer: B
Whaling refers to phishing attacks specifically targeting high-value, high-profile individuals.
What term describes phishing conducted via SMS text messages rather than email?
Correct answer: D
Smishing is phishing carried out through SMS text messages.
What term describes phishing conducted via voice calls, often impersonating banks or officials to extract information?
Correct answer: C
Vishing is phishing carried out through voice calls, often impersonating legitimate organizations.
What term describes redirecting a website's traffic to a fraudulent site without the user's knowledge, often by exploiting DNS?
Correct answer: B
Pharming redirects users to fraudulent websites, often by manipulating DNS, without their awareness.
What term describes forging the source address of network traffic or communication to disguise its true origin?
Correct answer: D
Spoofing involves disguising the true origin of communication by forging source information.
What term describes intercepting and monitoring data as it travels across a network, often to steal sensitive information?
Correct answer: C
Sniffing involves capturing and analyzing data packets traveling across a network, often for malicious purposes.
What term describes an attack that inserts malicious database commands into an input field to manipulate or extract data?
Correct answer: A
SQL Injection exploits vulnerable input fields to insert malicious database commands.
What term describes an attack that injects malicious scripts into trusted websites, executed in visitors' browsers?
Correct answer: D
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) injects malicious scripts into trusted sites, executing in unsuspecting visitors' browsers.
What term describes systematically trying every possible password combination until the correct one is found?
Correct answer: C
A brute force attack tries all possible combinations systematically until the correct password is found.
What term describes trying common words and phrases from a precompiled list to guess a password?
Correct answer: A
A dictionary attack uses a precompiled list of common words and phrases to guess passwords.